Circular 157
Assessment of Technological Progress Made in Reduction of Noise From Subsonic and Supersonic Jet Aeroplanes
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Circular 157-1101 ICAO CIRCULAR 1981 ASSESSMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS MADE IN REDUCTION OF NOISE FROM SUBSONIC AND SUPERSONIC JET AEROPLANES Approved by the Secretary General and published under his authority INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION MONTREAL, CANADA
Pubished in separate English, French, Russian and Spanish editions by the International Civil A viation Organrzarion. All correspondence, except orders and subscriptions, should be addressed to the Secretary General. Orders for this publicatton should be sent to one of the following addresses, together with the appropriate remittance by bank draft or post office money order in U.S. dollars or the currency of the country in which the order is placed. International Civil Aviation Organization Attention Distribution Officer P.0 Box 400, Place de 'Aviation internationale 1000 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2R2 Argentina. El Ateneo, Pedro Garcia S.A.L.E. e 1.7 Dpto Compras - Importacibn, Patagones 2463. 1282 Buenos Aires. Egypt. ICAO Representative, Middle East and Eastern African Office, 16 Hassan Sabri, Zamalek, Cairo. France. Representant de I'OACI, Bureau Europe- 3bis - villa Emile-ererat, 92522 Neuilly-sur-Seine, Cedex. India. Oxford Book and Stationery CO.. Scindia Hose, New Delhi or 17 Park Street, Calcutta. Japan. Japan Civil Aviation Promotion Foundation, 15-12, 1-chorne, Toranomon, Minato-Ku, Tokyo. Merico. Representante de la OACI, Oficina Norteamerica y Caribe, Apartado postal 5-377, Mexico 5, D.F. Peru. Representante de la OACI, Oficina Sudamlrica, partado 4127, Lima 100. Senegal. Reprtsentant de I'OACI, Bureau Afriquet bite Postale 23 56, Dakar Spain. Libreria de Aeroniutica y Astronautics Sumaas Desengafio, 12-3O-3, Madrid 13. Sweden. C E. Fritzes Kungl. Hovbokhandel. Box 16356. S-103 27 Stockholm. Thaiiand. ICAO Representative, Asia and Pacific Office, P,O. Box 614, Bangkok. United Kingdom. Civil Aviation Authority, Printing and Publications Services, Greville House. 37 Gratton Road, Cheltenham, Glos., GLSO BN, Do you receive the ICAO BULLETIN The ICAO Bulletin contains a concise account of the activties of the Organzaton as well as articles of interest to the aeronautical world The Bulletin will also kwp you to date on the latest ICAO publlca- tons, thelr contents. amendments corrigenda, and prices Averlable In three separate edltlons Englsh. French and Spanish Annual subscnpton U S 1 5 00 surface mad, U S 20 00 air mall
FOREWORD The Committee on Aircraft Noise CAN was established in 1970 by the Council to assist the Organization in the development of certification requirements for the control of source noise from aircraft. As a result of the Committee's work, detailed noise certification standards or guidelines were developed for different classes of aircraft and the associated equipment, e.g., conventional and short take-off and landing STOL aeroplanes both propeller driven and turbine powered, helicopters, and auxiliary power units APUs, and these are incorporated in Annex 16 Aircraft Noise to the Convention on Inisrnational Civil Aviation. In the development of the noise certification standards and guidelines, the Committee was assisted by several specialist working groups established by it from time to time. At its fifth meeting held in November 1976, the Committee requested its working groups D and E, dealing with the problems associated with contol of noise from subsonic and supersonic jet aeroplanes respectively, to review in detail the historical trends of aircraft noise including in particular the ICAO activity associated with control of aircraft noise at the source including the study of the technical means of reducing noise, technology improvements available, impact of new noise certificated aircraft on airport environments, benefits afforded by the community in the vicinity of airports, etc. The Committee at its sixth meeting held in May - June 1979 reviewed the reports of the above-mentioned groups and concluded that the parts of the reports containing information both on the achievements made in the reduction of noise at the source and on the technical feasibility and economic reasonableness of further reduction in the future should be published by ICAO for wide circulation, particularly among the persons involved in research and design and development of subsonic and supersonic jet aeroplanes and their powerplants and the governmental authorities responsible for formulating regulations for the control of aircraft noise. Accordingly, it developed Recommendations 311 and 612. For details, see Report-of the Sixth Meeting of the Cormittee on Aircraft Noise Doc 9286, CAN/ . The Council, when reviewing the Report of the Sixth Meeting of the Committee, approved the above-mentioned recommendations and requested the Secretary General to issue the material, appropriately edited, in the form of an ICAO circular. This circular contains three chapters. Chapter 1 provides a summary of the ICAO activity in the field of aircraft noise related primarily to control of noise at the source since 1968. Chapter 2 contains the results of the review of noise reduction accomplishments to date and technical means available to reduce noise from subsonic jet aeroplanes. Chapter 3 contains results of the review of noise reduction technology for supersonic transport aeroplanes and the study of the implications on costs and associated benefits in the application of the available noise reduction technology in the design and operation of these aeroplanes. The material included in this circular is extracted from the reports of the Committee on Aircraft Noise and as such reflects the views of that Committee. Except for editorial changes, no attempt has been made by the Organization to review or pass judgement on either the detail or the conclusions reflected in this circular. As such, this circular should be treated as a document containing only the information for the benefit of those interested in the control of source noise from aircraft.
ii - ICAO Circular 157-AN/101 --- - ABBREVIATIONS used in this document APU BPR CAN CDA CCV dB Doc DAC EPNdB FAR IATA ISA LE LCN LP/LD M/S min NASA NEF PAX PNdB PNLH SFC SPL TAM TE TOC TOM WCPNL AuxiLiary Power Unit By-pass Ratio Cornittee on Aircraft Noise ICAO Continuous Descent Approach Control-configured Vehicle Decibel Direct Operating Costs Douglas Aircraft Company Effective Perceived Noise in Decibels Federal Aviation Regulation U. S.A. International Air Transport Association International Standard Atmosphere Leading Edge Lift to Drag Ratio Load Carrying Number Low Power/Low Drag Nase to' Wing Area Ratio Wing Loading Mia Amm Aatiaaal Aeronautics and Space Administration U.S.A. Noise Exposure Forecast Passengers Perceived Wise in Decibels Maximum Perceived Noise ,Level Specific Fuel Conamption Sound Presdure Level Terpinal Area Mauoewre -Trailing Edge Thrust to kse''stio Total. Operating Costs Take-of f Mass Weighted Equfvalent Continuous Perceived Noise Level
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