Circular 11. Measurement of Ambient Air Temperature in Flight

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Circular 11

Measurement of Ambient Air Temperature in Flight

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MEASUREMENT OF AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE IN FLIGHT Prepared in the Air Navigation Bureau and published by authority o/ the Secretary General INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION MONTREAL CANADA

This Publicatio is issued in English, French and Spanish. Published in Montreal, Canada, by the International Civil Aviation Organization. Correspondence concerning publications should be addressed to the Secretary General of ICAO, International Aviation Building, 1080 University Street, Montreal, Canada. Orders for ICAO publications should be sent,,on payment In Canadian or U.S. currency , to In Sterling or Irish currency s/d , to Secretary General, ICAO, His Majesty's Stationery Office, International Aviation Building, P.0, Box 569, 1080 University Street, London, S.E. 1, Montreal, Canada. England. Cable address ICAO MONTREAL Cable address HEHSTONERY LONDON In French currency fr , , to In Emtian currency m/ms, to ICAO Representative, ICAO Representative, 3tq an African Office Middle East Office, avenue d "a, 10 Sharia Lotfallah, Apartment 7, Paris 16e, France. Zamalek, Cable address ICAOREP PARIS Cairo, Egypt, Cable address ICAOREP CAIRO In Peruvian currency soles, to In Australian currency s/d, to ICAO Representative, ICAO Representative, South her ican Off ice, Far East Pacific Office, Apartado 680, 17 Robe Street, Lima, Peru. St. Kilda, Cable address o ICAOREP LIMA Melbourne, Australia, cable address ICAOREP MELBOURNE . Price 10 cents anadian currency Montreal

TCAO Circular 11-/9 Page 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Foreword ......................................................... 5 Summary .......................................................... 7 Measurement of Ambient Air Temperature in Flight 1.0 Introduction ................................................. 9 2.- Relationship between Ambient Air Temperature and indicated .............................. Air Temperature i............. 10 A.. Instrumental Errors ...................................... 10 B.- Effect of Airspeed ....................D.........e........ 11 C.- Position Errors .......................................... 16 D.- Instrumental Time Lag .................................... 16 E.- Effect of Atmosheric Conditions ......................... 17 3.. Design and Installation of Aircraft Thermometers ............. 18 A.. Open Scale Spirit Thermometers .......................... 19 B.- Open Scale Mercurial Thermometers ........................ 17 C.- Mercurial Distance Thermometers .......................... 20 D.- Bimetal Thermometers ..................................... 20 E.- Electrical Resistance Thermometers ....................... 25 4.. List of Symbols .............................................. 26 ........................................... 5.. List of References 29 ............................ ............. 6 .. Acknowledgements .. 31

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