Circular 52. Издание 5. FLIGHT CREW FATIGUE AND FLIGHT TIME LIMITATIONS (Fifth Edition, 1975)

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Circular 52. Издание 5

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FLIGHT CREW FATIGUE AND FLIGHT TIME LIMITATIONS (Fifth Edition, 1975)

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CIRCULAR FLIGHT CREW FATIGUE AND FLIGHT TIME LIMITATIONS Approved by the Secretary General and published under his authority Fifth Edition, 1975 Supersedes Circular 52-AN/ 4714 INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION - MONTREAL CANADA

Published in separate English, French and Spanish editions by the International Civil Aviation Organization. All correspondence, except orders and subscriptions, should be addressed to the Secretary General of ICAO, International Aviation Building, 1080 University street, Montreal 101, Quebec, Cnnada, Orders for this publication should be sent to one of the following addresses, together with the appropriate remittance by bank draft or post office money order in U.S. dollars or the currency of the country in which the order is placed or in a freely convertible currency Canada Information Canada, Ottawa, On- Mexico Representante de la OACI, Oficina tario. Norteamtrica y Caribe, Apartado postal 5-377, Mtxico 5, D.F. Egypt Arab Republic of ICAO Represen- tative, Middle East and Eastern African Peru Representante de la OACI, Oficina Office, 16 Hassan Sabri, Zamalek, Cairo. SudamCrica, Apartado 4 127, Lima. France Reprbentant de I'OACI, Bureau Europe, 3bi8, villa Emile-Bergerat, 92 Neuilly- sur-Seine. India Oxford Book and Stationery Co., Scindia House, New Delhi or 17 Park Street, Calcutta. Japan Japan Civil Aviation Promotion Foundation, No. 38 Shiba Kotohira-Cho, Minato-Ku, Tokyo. Senegal ReprCsentant de I'OACI, Bureau Afrique, Boite postale 2356, Dakar. Sweden C.E. Fritzes Kungl. Hovbokhandel, Fredsgatan 2, Box 16356, Stockholm 16. Thailand ICAO Representative, Far East and Pacific Office, P.O. Box 614, Bangkok. United Kingdom Her Majesty's Stationery Office, P.O. Box 569, London, S.E. I. International Civil Aviation Organization Attention Distribution Officer, International Aviation Building, 1080 University Street, Montreal I0 1, Quebec, Canada. Do you receive ths ICAQ BULLETIN The ICAO Bulletin contains a concise account of the activtres of the Organizatron as well as articles of interest to the aero- nautical world. The Bulletin will also keep you up to date on the lotest ICAO publications, their contents, amendments, supplements, corri- genda, and prices. Available In three separate oditions English, French and Spanish. Annual subscription U.S. 9.00 surface mail U.S. 17.00 air maif.

1 Annex 6, Part I to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, which deals with the "Operat ion of Aircraft I' in "International Commercial Air Transport", attempts to define a minimum acceptable level of safety for such operations. To this end it specifies the type of operating supervision which must be prwided, certain basic operational pro- cedures which must be followed, the basic duties of certain flight crew apmbers, the types of radio and emergency equipment which must be carried, etc. Since one of the more impor- tant considerations pertaining to the safety of an aircraft operation is the proficiency of the crew, Annex 1 specifies that each flight crew member shall have demonstrated his general proficiency in obtaining an appropriate licence, and Annex 6, Part I specifies that this shall be supplemented by additional training and checking both to ensure the mainte- nance of this proficiency and to ensure continuing familiarity with the types of aeroplane used and the routes flown. 2 While such measures help to ensure a high state of competence of flight crew members, the effectiveness with which this competence is available for use depends upon each crew member's being sufficiently well rested to utilize his capabilities efficiently. Otherwise he may not respond to the degree that his proficiency should ensure, but may make errors of judgement or action such as are associated with much lower degrees of proficiency than he has attained. This effect can be aggravated by various combinations of unfavourable operational circumstances, but the continuation of any task long enough under even the most favourable circumstances will ultimately produce fatigue and consequent loss of effi- ciency. 3 As no reliable objective indices of fatigue are at present available from which to determine comparat ive degrees of fatigue accurately, rough approximat ions of the times involved in becoming tired enough to have clearly passed beyond the threshold of acceptable efficiency have so far had to suffice. Flying duties themselves can be a cause of fatigue if the duration to which one is exposed to them is excessive and duration of exposure can be and is used as one of the basic limitations designed to minimize fatigue. While such limitations are intended primarily to account for this single factor, it is noted that in many instances an attempt has been made to account for various other contributing factors by incorporating various types of exceptions and qualifying statements. As a result, there is considerable variation in the form and content of regulations adopted by States. In general, existing regulations specify the maximum periods of time during which flight per- sonnel may be exposed to conditions most likely to induce fatigue, these periods being variously expressed in terms of hours of duty, or hours of flight time scheduled or planned, and they are generally supplemented by corresponding requirements for periods of rest. Regulations apply variously to the complete crew, the flight crew only, or to pilots and other members of the flight crew separately. 4 With a view to acquainting all States with the types of flight time limitations now in force, the Air Navigation Commission decided that a Circular should be issued, containing a compilation of the current regulations of Contracting States, and those established by operators and approved by their States.

ICAO Circular 52-AN/47/5 5 The regulations reproduced in this Circular indicate the manner in which various States at the time of preparation of the Circular have implemented the Standard of Annex 6, Part I in this respect. The Annex specifies that each State shall ensure that its operators establish limitations on the flight time of flight crew members, to ensure that fatigue does not endanger the safety of a flight. It also specifies that all such limitations be approved by the State of Registry. The publication of the regulations in this Circular does not indicate that ICAO endorses either theirform or content. The material contained herein is provided for the infarmation of Contracting States. 6 It will be noted that there is considerable variation both in the manner in which the regulations contained herein are stated, their scope and their applicability. In some cases regulations are developed and issued by a State while in others an operator is per- mitted to develop detailed rules, which must be submitted to the State for approval. Some regulations apply to pilots only, others to flight crew and some cover all crew members. In this connexion it should be noted that in Annex 6, Part I a "crew member" is defined as a person assigned by an operator to duty on an aircraft during flight time, and that a "flight crew member" is defined as a licensed crew member charged with duties essential to the operation of an aircraft during flight time. The provisions of Annex 6, Part I, in relation to flight and duty time limitations, apply only to "flight crew members". 7 Indicative of the fact that "flight time" is only one of several factors which can contribute to fatigue are those regulations by States which differentiate between the types of aircraft used, types of routes and general operating conditions encountered on routes. 8 This Fifth Edition of Circular 52-AN147 contains the regulations of those States that have responded to the most recent request for up-to-date material. Experience indicates that the Circular is widely used as a reference document. 9 In so far as possible, the texts of States Regulations have been reproduced as received. ii

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