Name: Doc 7488. Издание 3. Manual of the ICAO Standard Atmosphere (extended to 80 kilometres (262 500 feet))
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Doc 7488. Издание 3

Документ обновлён на дату:01.01.1993

Manual of the ICAO Standard Atmosphere (extended to 80 kilometres (262 500 feet))

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Doc 7488/3MANUAL OF THEICAO STANDARD ATMOSPHEREextended to 80 kilometres 262 500 feetMANUEL DELATMOSPHRE TYPE OACIlargie jusqu 80 kilomtres 262 500 piedsMANUAL DELA ATMSFERA TIPO DE LA OACIampliada hasta 80 kilmetros 262 500 piesCI7EGA EGCG5 GEKC 37F ,DN,6 D"4P,6, BbH6 80 84,HD 262 500 LJHTHIRD EDITION TROISIME DITIONTERCERA EDICIN 1993INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATIONORGANISATION DE LAVIATION CIVILE INTERNATIONALEORGANIZACIN DE AVIACIN CIVIL INTERNACIONAL/ICa C'31O3a 'C/E75 3O33

MANUAL OF THEICAO STANDARD ATMOSPHEREextended to 80 kilometres 262 500 feetMANUEL DELATMOSPHRE TYPE OACIlargie jusqu 80 kilomtres 262 500 piedsMANUAL DELA ATMSFERA TIPO DE LA OACIampliada hasta 80 kilmetros 262 500 piesCI7EGA EGCG5 GEKC 37F ,DN,6 D"4P,6, BbH6 80 84,HD 262 500 LJHDoc 7488/3THIRD EDITION TROISIME DITIONTERCERA EDICIN 1993

iTABLE OF CONTENTSFOREWORD.................................................................E-iiiINTRODUCTION.............................................................E-viiTABLES....................................................................1-1TABLE DES MATIRESAVANT-PROPOS.............................................................F-IIIINTRODUCTION.............................................................F-VIITABLEAUX.................................................................1-1NDICEPREMBULO................................................................S-iiiINTRODUCCIN.............................................................S-viiTABLAS....................................................................1-1'993AC3E93.......................................................R-iii3.................................................................R-viiG93OY..................................................................1-1

E-iiiFOREWORDAs the result of recommendations made by the Airworthi-ness, the Operations and Meteorological Divisions, theICAO Council at a meeting on 23 June 1950 agreed that ajoint sub-commission of the Commission for AeronauticalMeteorology and the Aerological Commission of theInternational Meteorological Organization be established.Its mandate was to discuss with representatives of ICAO theestablishment of a detailed specification of and thecollection of data for the ICAO standard atmospheredefined in general terms in Part I of Annex 8 to theConvention on International Civil Aviation.A working group consisting of the above-mentionedrepresentatives met in July/August 1950 in Montreal anddrafted a proposal for a detailed specification of the ICAOstandard atmosphere. This proposal was included inDoc 7041 and at the beginning of 1951 was circulated to allContracting States for comment.On 7 November 1952 the Council approved thespecification as detailed in Doc 7041 and directed theSecretary General to publish the specification and itsassociated tables and figures in the form of a technicalmanual.All assumptions and basic data used in that manual werethose adopted by the Council of ICAO. The mechanicalwork of calculating and checking the detailed tables andfigures of the ICAO standard atmosphere was carried out bythe United States National Advisory Committee forAeronautics in co-operation with the Directorate General ofCivil Aviation, Italy. By courtesy of these two governments,their work was made available for inclusion in that manual,which was published as ICAO Document 7488 May 1954.Even before publication of Doc 7488, it had becomeapparent that the ICAO standard atmosphere needed to beextended above the previously adopted limit of 20 km. In1953 a Committee was created in the United Statessponsored jointly by the Geophysics Research Directorateof the Air Force Cambridge Research Center and the UnitedStates Weather Bureau. During the same yearrepresentatives of 24 United States scientific andengineering organizations both governmental andprivate attended a meeting, to which ICAO sent anobserver. The Committee decided to appoint a WorkingGroup on Extension to the Standard Atmosphere toreconsider the temperature-altitude profile and torecommend basic values and parameters. The workinggroup continued its activities during the years 1953 to 1956and its recommendations, including a definition of thetemperature-altitude profile up to 32 km, were adopted withmodifications by the parent committee in 1956. In 1958 areport entitled U.S. Extension to the ICAO StandardAtmosphere Tables and Data to 300 Standard GeopotentialKilometers was issued in Washington, D.C. In 1959 thereport was sent to the Secretary General of ICAO by theRepresentative of the United States on the Council of ICAOproposing international adoption of the 20 to 32 km portionof the report however, the proposal was subsequentlywithdrawn pending the availability of revised data.In 1962 detailed proposals for changes in certain constantsassociated with the ICAO standard atmosphere and for theextension of the standard atmosphere were submitted by theUnited States, together with the document U.S. StandardAtmosphere ICAO Standard Atmosphere to 20 km,Proposed ICAO extension to 32 km, Tables and Data to700 km. This revised U.S. proposal was circulated forcomment to all Contracting States, the International AirTransport Association, the International Federation of AirLine Pilots Associations and the World MeteorologicalOrganization.On 12 November 1963 the Council approved the reviseddetailed specification of the ICAO standard atmosphere,and directed the Secretary General to re-issue the Tables ofICAO Standard Atmosphere, incorporating the revision andextension prepared by the United States. In accordance withthe foregoing directive, the second edition of the manualwas published in 1964.On 23 March 1979 the Council approved the alignment ofthe system of units of measurement used in aviation asspecified in Annex 5 with the international system SI. Inline with the Councils wish that all ICAO documentscomply with Annex 5 in respect of the units used,arrangements were made to revise the Manual of the ICAOStandard Atmosphere. Due to the fact that the secondedition of the manual contained a complex mixture of SIunits and non-SI units, the data in some of the tables had tobe recalculated.In addition to the question of the alignment of the units withAnnex 5, two States the Union of Soviet SocialistRepublics and the United States, noting the possibility of

E-ivDoc 7488the development in the foreseeable future of aircraft capableof flying at very high altitudes, requested that the ICAOstandard atmosphere be extended from the existing upperlimit of 32 km to 80 km, which would correspondapproximately to the height of the mesopause. The proposalto extend the upper limit of the standard atmosphere wascirculated to all Contracting States for comment, andfollowing consideration of States replies, the Council, on22 March 1988, adopted Amendment No.95 to Annex 8,which included the extension of the standard atmosphere to80 km. As the revision of the manual to align it withAnnex 5 already entailed recalculation of some of thetables, it was considered that this would also be anappropriate time to extend the atmospheres upper limit.The recalculation of the data in certain of the existing tablesand the extension of the data in all tables from 32 km to80 km necessarily required the use of sophisticatedcomputer facilities in order to retain the existing level ofaccuracy of the data. At the time this task was started, theInternational Organization for Standardization ISO hadrecently published a standard atmosphere up to 80 km basedupon the ICAO parameters defined in Annex 8. In anattempt to align the ICAO and ISO standard atmospheres,ISO was approached for assistance in providing the dataneeded for the revision and extension of the ICAO standardatmosphere. The competent ISO working body, Sub-committee ISO/TC-20/SC-6-Standard Atmosphere, in ameeting held in Moscow in October 1985, decidedunanimously to provide assistance in recalculating the tablesrequired for the alignment of Doc 7488 with Annex 5 andin extending its upper limit in accordance with Annex 8.The method used for calculating the parameters and thenecessary software were developed in the Central Aero-Hydrodynamic Institute TSAGI, Union of Soviet SocialistRepublics. The actual calculations were also carried out bythe Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on behalf of theISO committee, in accordance with the ICAO requirementsand the ISO/TC-20/SC-6 plans. The result of the ISO workis being issued in parallel as Addendum 2 to InternationalStandard ISO 2533 1975, Standard Atmosphere.This manual is intended to facilitate the uniform applicationof the ICAO standard atmosphere defined in Annex 8 andto provide users of the standard atmosphere with convenientsets of data that are accurate enough for practical applica-tions, and that are based on internationally agreed physicalconstants and conversion factors. In view of the fact that thedata tables published for the ICAO and ISO StandardAtmospheres are identical, any future amendments will bethe subject of co-ordination between the two organizations.

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