Circular 283. Edition 1
Last modified:1/1/2001
Regulatory Implications of the Allocation of Flight Departure and Arrival Slots at International Airports
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lCAO CIRCULAR 283.11 19 CIRCULAR I THE ALLOCATION OF FLIGHT DEPARTURE AND ARRIVAL SLOTS AT INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS Approved by the Secretary General and published under his authority INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION MONTREALeCANADA
Published in separate English, Arabic, French, Russian and Spanish editions by the International Civil Aviation Organization. All correspondence, except orders and subscriptions, should be addressed to the Secretary General. Orders should be sent to one of the following addresses, together with the appropriate remittance by bank draft, cheque or money order in U.S. dollars or the currency of the country in which the order is placed. Credit card orders American Express, Mastercard and Visa are accepted at ICAO Headquarters. International Civil Aviation Organization. Attention Document Sales Unit 999 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 5H7 Telephone 1 514 954-8022 Telex 05-24513 Facsimile 1 514 954-6769 Sitatex YULADYA E-mail salesgniticao.int Egypt. ICAO Regional Director, Middle East Office, Egyptian Civil Aviation Complex, Cairo Airport Road, Heliopolis, Cairo 11776 Telephone 20 2 267-4840 Facsimile 20 2 267-4843 Sitatex CAICAYA France. Directeur regional de I'OACI, Bureau Europe et Atlantique Nord, 3 bis, villa mile-ererat, 92522 Neuilly-sur-Seine Cedex TdlCphone 33 1 46 41 85 85 Ttltcopieur 33 1 46 41 85 00 Sitatex PAREUYA India. Oxford Book and Stationery Co., Scindia House, New Delhi 110001 or 17 Park Street, Calcutta 700016 Telephone 91 1 1 331-5896 Facsimile 91 1 1 332-2639 Japan. Japan Civil Aviation Promotion Foundation, 15-12, I-chome, Toranomon, Minato-Ku, Tokyo Telephone 81 3 3503-2686 Facsimile 81 3 3503-2689 Kenya. ICAO Regional Director, Eastern and Southern African Office, United Nations Accommodation, P.O. Box 46294, Nairobi Telephone 254 2 622-395 Facsimile 254 2 226-706, Sitatex NBOCAYA Mexico. Director Regional de la OACI, Oficina NorteamMca, Centroamtrica y Caribe, Masaryk No. 29-3er. piso, Col. Chapultepec Morales, Mtxico, D.F., 11570 TelCfono 52 5 250-321 1 Facsfmile 52 5 203-2757 Sitatex MEXCAYA Peru. Director Regional de la OACI, Oficina Sudamtrica, Apartado 4127, Lima 100 TelCfono 51 1 302260 Facsimile 51 1 640393 Sitatex LIMCAYA Russian Federation. Aviaizdat, 48, 1. Franko Street, Moscow 121351 Telephone 7 095 417-0405 Facsimile 7 095 417-0254 Senegal. Directeur regional de I'OACI, Bureau Afrique occidentale et centrale, Boite postale 2356, Dakar T6lCphone 221 8-23-54-52 T6lCcopieur 221 8-23-69-26 Sitatex DKRCAYA Slovakia. Air Traffic Services of the Slovak Republic, Letovt prevAdzkov6 sluzby Slovenskej Republiky, State Enterprise, Letisko M.R. StefAnika, 823 07 Bratislava 21, Slovak Republic Telephone 421 7 4857 11 11 Facsimile 421 7 4857 2105 South Africa. Avex Air Training Pty Ltd., Private Bag X102, Halfway House, 1685, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa Telephone 27 1 1 315-000314 Facsimile 27 1 1 805-3649 E-mail avexiafrica.com Spain. A.E.N.A. - Aeropuertos Espaiioles y Navegaci6n Atrea, Calle Juan Ignacio Luca de Tena, 14, Planta Tercera, Despacho 3. 1 I, 28027 Madrid TeMfono 34 91 321-3148 Facsimile 34 91 321-3157 Correo electr6nico sscc.ventasoaciaena.es Thailand. ICAO Regional Director, Asia and Pacific Office, P.O. Box 11, Samyaek Ladprao, Bangkok 10901 Telephone 66 2 537-8189 Facsimile 66 2 537-8199, Sitatex BKKCAYA United Kingdom. Westward Documedia, 37 Windsor Street, Cheltenham, Glos., GL52 2DG Telephone 44 1242 235-151 Facsimile 44 1242 584-139 Catalogue of ICAO Publications and Audio-visual Training Aids Issued annually, the Catalogue lists all publications and audio-visual training aids currently available. Monthly supplements announce new publications and audio-visual training aids, amendments, supplements, reprints, etc. Available free from the Document Sales Unit, ICAO
FOREWORD Introduction During the past ten years, the increase in commercial air services has continued to outstrip available capacity at more and more airports. Although many of these airports are located in Europe, there are growing numbers in other regions as well. Moreover, because of the interconnected aspect of air transport, capacity constraints at some airports impact on other airports within the international airtransport system. Environmental, economic, political and physical constraints on increasing airport capacity have, in some instances, exacerbated this problem. Governments, airlines and airports have each developed measures designed to overcome or ameliorate situations of insufficient airport capacity. However, governments are increasingly likely to face additional situations where the demand by airlines to initiate or increase commercial operations cannot be met because of a lack of airport capacity. In light of this, the ICAO Council included in the Programme Budget of fhe Organizafion for 1999-2000-2001, a study on the regulatory implications of slot allocation at airports. Scope This study concentrates on the regulatory implications of the current situation trends for airports where the demand by airlines to use the airport exceeds its capacity on a continuous basis or during peak periods the regulatory framework involved and the means by which States, airports and airlines have sought to alleviate or minimize this situation. The study also assesses current and potential mechanisms for dealing with a chronic shortage of airport capacity and suggests possible improvements of and alternatives to the existing systems. While the study addresses the linkage between airspace congestion and airport congestion, it does not address the potential issue of slot allocation for air traffic management per se, focusing on airport capacity management encompassing approach and aerodrome control, runway and terminal capacity. Sources The documents listed in the Bibliography which appears at the end of this study have been extensively referenced. The study was prepared by the ICAO Secretariat with information and assistance provided by Airports Council lnternational ACI and the International Air Transport Association IATA. A draft was reviewed by the ICAO Air Transport Committee in March 2000 and by the ICAO Conference on the Economics of Airports and Air Navigation Services in June 2000. The present text of the study takes into account comments made in the Committee and at the Conference and has been updated to reflect subsequent regulatory developments.
ii ICA 0 Circular 283-A T/119 Further work Pursuant to Recommendation 14 of the Conference on the Economics of Airports and Air Navigation Services, ICAO will undertake further work on developing guidance on procedural aspects of slot allocation with respect to equity and non-discrimination, consistent with Article 15 of the Convention on Internatonal Civil Aviation and including possible mechanisms for dispute resolution.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................. v Chapter 1 . TERMINOLOGY .............................................. 1 Chapter 2 . CURRENT SITUATION AND TRENDS ............................. 2 Theconceptofairportcapacity ...................................... 2 Theconceptofanairportslot ........................................ 3 Capacity-constrained airports ........................................ 4 ....................... External constraints on increasing airport capacity 9 .................................. Chapter3 . REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 10 ........................................................ Global 10 ....................................................... Regional 11 National ....................................................... 12 Chapter 4 . MEASURES TO DEAL WITH SCARCITY .......................... 14 Supply-sideapproaches ........................................... 14 Demand-sideapproaches ......................................... 15 Chapter 5 . ASSESSMENTS OF EXISTING MEASURES. POSSIBLE IMPROVEMENTS AND ALTERNATIVES ................... 18 Assessments of existing measures .................................. 18 Improvements to the existing system ................................. 19 Proposedalternatives ............................................ 21 BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................... 22
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Annex 9. Edition 16. FacilitationAnnex 16. Vol 1. Edition 8. Environmental Protection. Volume I. Aircraft NoiseDoc 7100. TARIFFS FOR AIRPORTS AND AIR NAVIGATION SERVICESDoc 9587. Edition 4. Policy and Guidance Material on the Economic Regulation of International Air TransportDoc 9626. Edition 2. Manual on the Regulation of International Air TransportDoc 9626. Edition 3. Manual on the Regulation of International Air TransportDoc 9626. Edition 3. Manual on the Regulation of International Air TransportDoc 9786. Annual Report of the Council - 2001 umentation for the Session of the Assembly in 2004Circular 286. Edition 1. Highlights in the Economic Development of Airports and Air Navigation ServicesВСЕ ДОКУМЕНТЫALL DOCUMENTSICAO CIRCULASЦИРКУЛЯРЫCircular 283
Table Of Contents
COVER PAGE
FOREWORD
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5