Circular 124. Air Freight - Asia and Pacific

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Circular 124

Air Freight - Asia and Pacific

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CIRCULAR .IIR FREIGHT ASIA AND PAClF lC INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORCANIZATtQH MONTREAL CANADA

Published in separate English, Frmch, Spanish aad Russian erfx'tions by the Iflter- platinno1 Qvil A vilrtbe Orgunization. A R curresp.ondenm, except orders und sub- scriptions, skouid b be addmsed to the Secretary GeieraP of ICA 0, International Aviution Building, 10817 Uniersify Streer, ltfavrtreaZ 101, Quebec, Cmdda. Orma for thk puMiaatbn uld be sent Oa one of the fb8awhg adesses, fogether with the appropriate remittance by bank aft or post office money order in U.S. dollars or the cmncy of the countty in which the srdar is plrad ar in a ftely convertible currency Cam Informatdon Canada, Ottawa, Ori- Mexko bpreentawte da h OACJ, Dfib tario. Norteambirca y Caribe, Apartado pastd 5-377. Mt xim 5, D .F . Eypt Arab Repubh f LCAO Reprsn7 tat, il East karn Pw Representanbe de la OAa, Oficka OfW, 16 Haw SaM, mal, Cairo, SudarnBsic, Apmkado 4 127, Lima. Frmui Repentant de I'OAC, Bureau ape, 3, Ma EmiSe-Bwrat, 92 NeuiHy- sur-seine. knega1. RegrMant b YOACI, Bureau Afrique, 3dTto postale 2356, Dakar. Swedm C.E. EtiWs Kungl. Havbakhmdel, Frethmtarr 2, Boa 16356, Stackhoh 16, m Oxford look and 5Tia.o o., magand fCAO epreen tave, Far Emt Scin House, New bolhi or I7 Park Sfreed, Cdrnfg. and Pacific Office, P.O. Box 814, Emgknk. United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority , In- lapan U Avhtion Prornoh prmkg and pabbaihs pi-, Ere FmmQPfion, . 38 Shih KstphhCb., House, 57 Gmttoa had, ChelWam Gios., Minatdw, Tokyo. GLW 2BM. International Civil Aviation Orpanizatisp Attentron DIstxibution Qffkw, Intanalimal Aviation BudMg, IMO Uaiversity Rimt. hntr1 la, Quebec, Canada. Do you receive he ICAO BULLETIN The lEAO Butletin contnins a conxi occunt o the cfivitie5 of be Organiagtiw or well as orficles of nferert to the aero- naviicaJ world. Tha Bulletin will nlse keep you up to date on he latest /CAQ publitaiaru, their cantsnt, amendmenbs, svpplerngns, corri- gmdo, and prices. Available in three sssarate edlflans Engllsh. French and whish. Annual sutisclptn V.S. q9.a surfacs rnsifl U.S. 1 7.00 air rnuiTJ.

TAKE OF CONTENTS Page CONCLUSIONS xilr I - INTRODUCTION I A - BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE REGION 1 B - ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC CONSIDERATIONS 3 C - SURFACE TRANSPORTATION 8 Developments in maritime transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Developments in rail and road transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 11 - INTEWATIONPI, TRADE AND THE ROLE OF AIR FWIGHT 13 Introduction , . , , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Value of external trade - Asia and Pacific region and the World . . . 13 Value of the region's trade by sub-region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Pattern of the region's external trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Trade in manufactured goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 World exports to the United States by air and sea and SITC group. . . 21 Exports of Asia and Pacific States to the United States by air andsea ............,......,.......... 23 Examples of main commodities carried by air . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Fbther penetration of the cargo market by air transport . . . . . . 28 111 - DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL FREIGHT TRAFFIC - AIRLTNE AND AIRPORT 29 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 A - AIRLINE FREIGHT TRAFFIC 29 International operators serving Asia and the Pacific . . . . . . . . 29 Asia and Pacific airlines' share of world freight traffic . . . . . . 29 Sub-regional shares of Asia and Pacific freight traffic . . . , . . . 31 International freight traffic of individual airlines . . . . . . . . 32 Freight share of total international traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 All-cargo services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Average freight load, freight haul and stege length . . . . , . . . . 34 F'reight traffic carried by airlines of other regions . . . . . . . . 35 Carriers providing all-cargo services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Patterns of air freight traffic flow . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

i i ICAO Circular 124-/34 Page B . FREIGHT' HANDLING AT INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS 39 Airport infrastructure ....................... LO International airport traffic ................... 40 Domestic airport traffic ...................... 44 Growth of international airport freight traffic. 1963 . 1972 .... 45 Fluctuations in freight trdfic .................. 46 IV . TECHNICAL AlfD WMMERCIU ASPECTS OF AIR FFEIGHT 51 Introduction ............................ 51 A . TECHNICAL ASPECTS 51 .............................. Aircraft 51 Unit Inad Devices ULDS ...................... 54 B . COMMERCIAL ASPECTS 58 Physical characteristics of freight traffic ............ 58 Users of air freight ........................ 60 Competitive position of air cargo ................. 63 Commercial rights and import duties ................ 68 ............................ Introduction 71 A . AIR FW3TGHT RATES 71 General nature of rates ...................... 71 ........................ General cargo rates 72 Speci fi c commodity rates ...................... 74 class and LED rates ........................ 76 B . AIRLINE REVENUES AND EXPEmSES 76 Revenues from scheduled services .................. 76 Operating expenses ......................... 78 C . COSTS OF AIR MlEIGHT OPERATIONS 80 Problems of air feight cost analysis ............... 80 Airline operating costs ...................... 82 Ground handling costs ....................... 88 Introduction ............................ 93 Docmentary requirements for shipments to be exported ....... 92 Customs examination of export cargo ................ 93 Arrangements for last-minute loading ................ 93 Export/import licences ....................... 93

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