Circular 231
Survey of International Air Transport Fares and Rates (September 1990)
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CIRCULAR CIRCULAR 231 -AT193 SURVEY OF INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT FARES AND RATES SEPTEMBER 1990 Approved by the Secretaty General and published under his authority 1NTERNATlONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION MONTREAL CANADA
Published in separate English, French, Russian and Spanish editions by the International Civil Aviation Orgnizatwn. All correspondence, except orders and subscriptions, should be addressed to the Secremry General. OPdffs fm fhis publication shdd be sen1 lo one of the foilowing adhesses, together with the appropriate xemjtfance by bank draft or posr office money order in US. dojlars or the cmcy of the country in which the order is pld Document Sales Unit liternational Civil AviaCion Organizarimi 1OOO Sherbrooke Street West, Suite 400 Montreal, Queb Canada W3A 2R2 Egypt. ICAO Representative, Middle East Office, 9 Shagaret El Dorr Smt, Zmdek 1121 1, Cairo. France. Reprhentant de I'OACt Bureau wope 3 bis, villa mile-cqerat, 92522 Neui1iy-s-Sixse Cdx. India. Oxford Bwk and Stationery Co., Scindia House, New Delhi or 17 Park Seeet, Calcutta. Japan Japan Clvil Aviation Promotion Foundation, 15-1 2, 1-chome, Toranomon, Miato-Ku. Tokyo. Kenya ICAO Representative, Eastern d Southern African Office, United Nations Aocammdation, P.O. Box 46294, Nakobi. Mexico. Reprewtwte de la OACI, Oficina Nammica, Centarica y Caribe, Apartado Postal 5-377, C.P. 06500, Mkxico, D.F. Pem. Representante de la OACL Oficha Sudmca, Apanado 4127, Lima 100. Senegal. Reprhntant de 1OACI, Bureau Afrique cidentak et cenude, Bmite postale 2356, Dakar. Spain. Pilot's, Suminisms Aerodutiws, LA., CIUlises, 5-Oficina Nh. 2, 28043 Madrid. Thailand. JCAO Representative, Asia and Pacific Ofice, P.O. Box 1 1, Samyaek Ladprao, Bangaok 10301. Unired Kingdm. Civil Aviation Authority, Rrinting and Publications Services, GrevilIe House, 37 Gratton Road. Cheltenham, Glos., GLSO 2BN. The Catalogue of ICAO Publications Issued annually, the Catalogue lists all publicatins currently available. dnthly supplements announce new publications, amendments, supplemenls, reprim, elc. Available free from the Document Sales Unit, ICAO
Chapter 1 . IWFRODOCTIOM Terms of reference. objectives and scope Data sources ............. Analysis and statistical methodology . Selection of city-pairs and route groups City-pair distances used for analysis . Selection of fares and rates ...... Currencies .............. Selection of survey period ........ of the survey ... Structure of the survey J ....................... 6 ....... Chapter 2 . COMPARATIVE SUWARY OF IMTEEMIATXONAL PA3SENGER PARES 7 Introductory remarks .................... ... Distribution of international city-pairs by route group Distribution of international city-pairs by distance .... Distribution of international city-pairs by route group andbydistance ...................... Relationship between estimated economy class normal fares and distance ....................... Comparative level of economy class normal. fares by route group Changes in level of economy class normal fares between 1989 and 1990 ................... ..................... Other normal fares Economy class special fares ................. Preferential fares ..................... Chapter 3 . WMPARATWE SUBMhRY OF INTERlXATIONU RATES ......... 20 .................... Introductory remarks Distribution of international city-pairs by route group . . Distribution of international city-pairs by distance ... Distribution of international city-pairs by route group ..................... andbydistance Relationship between estimated general cargo rates for small and distance ....................... Comparative level of general cargo rates for small shipments by route group ..................... Changes in level of general cargo rates for small shipments .................. between 1989 and 1990 ..................... Other cargo rates ..... shipments ............ . Chapter 4 FARES AMD RATES BY INTEWXTIOMAL ROm GROW 29 Route group 1 between North America and Central Amrica/Caribbean ... 29 Route group 2 between and within Central America and the Caribbean ... 33 Route group 3 between Canada. Mexico and the United States ....... 37
ii ICAO Circular 231 -AT/93 Route group 4 between North Amsrica/Central America/Caribbean andSouthAmerica ........................... 41 Route group 5 local South America ................... 45 Routegroup 6local Europe ....................... 49 Route group 7 local Middle East .................... 53 Route group 8 local Africa ....................... 57 Route group 9 between Europe and Middle East .............. 61 Route group 10 between Europe/MiddLs East and Africa .......... 65 Route group 11 North Atlantic ..................... 69 Route group 22 ld Atlantic ...................... 74 Route group 12 South Atlantic ..................... T Route group 14 local Asia/Eacific .............. 82 Route group 15 between Europra/MfddPe Kast/Afriem and AsiafFadfic ... 6 Route group 16 North and Mid Pacific .................. 90 ...................... Route group 17 Smth Paciflr 5
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Annex 9. Edition 16. FacilitationCircular 23. Problems Associated with the Advent of Turbine-Engined AirplanesCircular 131. Regional Differences in Fares and Costs for International Scheduled Passenger Transport - 1975Circular 224. Survey of International Air Transport Fares and Rates (September 1989)Circular 232. Aircraft Accident Digest No. 32Circular 235. Regional Differences in Fares, Rates and Costs for International Air Transport - 1989Circular 239. Survey of International Air Transport Fares and Rates (September 1991)Circular 242. Regional Differences in Fares, Rates and Costs for International Air Transport - 1990ВСЕ ДОКУМЕНТЫALL DOCUMENTSICAO CIRCULASЦИРКУЛЯРЫ
Table Of Contents
COVER PAGE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
Appendix 3