Circular 278. Edition 1
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National Plan for CNS/ATM Systems
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lCAO CIRCULAR 278-n 64 CIRCULAR NATIONAL PLAN FOR CNSIATM SYSTEMS GUIDANCE MATERIAL Approved by the Secretary General and published under his authority INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION MONTREALCANADA
Published in separate English, Arabic, French, Russian and Spanish editions by the International Civil Aviation Organization. All correspondence, except orders and subscriptions, should be addressed to the Secretary General. Orders should be sent to one of the following addresses, together with the appropriate remittance by bank draft, cheque or money order in U.S. dollars or the currency of the country in which the order is placed. Credit card orders American Express, Mastercard and Visa are accepted at ICAO Headquarters. International Civil Aviation Organization. Attention Document Sales Unit 999 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 5H7 Telephone 514 954-8022 Telex 05-24513 Facsimile 514 954-6769 Sitatex YULADYA E-mail salesgniticao.int Egypt. ICAO Regional Director, Middle East Office, Egyptian Civil Aviation Complex, Cairo Airport Road, Heliopolis, Cairo 11776 Telephone 20 2 267-4840 Facsimile 20 2 267-4843 Sitatex CAICAYA France. Directeur rkgional de I'OACI, Bureau Europe et Atlantique Nord, 3 bis, villa 6mile-ererat, 92522 Neuilly-sur-Seine Cedex TCICphone 33 1 46 41 85 85 Tbltcopieur 33 1 46 41 85 00 Sitatex PAREUYA India. Oxford Book and Stationery Co., Scindia House, New Delhi 110001 or 17 Park Street, Calcutta 700016 Telephone 91 11 331-5896 Facsimile 91 11 332-2639 Japan. Japan Civil Aviation Promotion Foundation, 15-12, 1-chome, Toranomon, Minato-Ku, Tokyo Telephone 81 3 3503-2686 Facsimile 81 3 3503-2689 Kenya. ICAO Regional Director, Eastern and Southern African Office, United Nations Accommodation, P.O. Box 46294, Nairobi Telephone 254-2 622-395 Facsimile 254 2 226-706 Sitatex NBOCAYA Mexico. Director Regional de la OACI, Oficina Norteam6rica. CentroamCrica y Caribe, Masaryk No. 29-3er. piso, Col. Chapultepec Morales, MCxico, D.F., 11570 TelCfono 52 5 250-321 1 Facsfmile 52 5 203-2757 Sitatex MEXCAYA Peru. Director Regional de la OACI, Oficina Sudambrica, Apartado 4127, Lima 100 Telbfono 51 14 302260 Facsimile 51 14 640393 Sitatex LIMCAYA Russian Federation. Aviaizdat, 48, 1. Franko Street, Moscow 12135 1 Telephone 7 095 417-0405 Facsimile 7 095 417-0254 Senegal. Directeur rkgional de I'OACI, Bureau Afrique occidentale et centrale, Boite postale 2356, Dakar TClCphone 221 8-23-54-52 TCICcopieur 221 8-23-69-26 Sitatex DKRCAYA South Africa. Avex Air Training Pty Ltd., Private Bag X102, Halfway House, 1685, Republic of South Africa Telephone 27-1 1 315-000314 Facsimile 27-1 1.805-3649 E-mail avexiafrica.com Spain. A.E.N.A. - Aeropuertos Espaiioles y Navegaci6n Atrea, Calle Juan Ignacio Luca de Tena, 14, Planta Tercera, Despacho 3. 11, 28027 Madrid TelCfono 34 91 321-3148 Facsimile 34 91 321-3157 Correo electrbnico sscc.ventasoaciaena.es Thailand. ICAO Regional Director, Asia and Pacific Office, P.O. Box 11, Samyaek Ladprao, Bangkok 10901 Telephone 66 2 537-8189 Facsimile 66 2 537-8199 Sitatex BKKCAYA United Kingdom. Westward Documedia, 37 Windsor Street, Cheltenham, Glos., GL52 2DG Telephone 44 1242 235-15 1 Facsimile 44 1242 584- 139 5/00 Catalogue of ICAO Publications and Audio-visual Training Aids Issued annually, the Catalogue lists all publications and audio-visual training aids currently available. Monthly supplements announce new publications and audio-visual training aids, amendments, supplements, reprints, etc. Available free from the Document Sales Unit, ICAO
FOREWORD Following comprehensive studies over several years, the communications, navigation and surveillancelair traffic management CNSIATM systems concept was endorsed by the Tenth Air Navigation Conference in 1991 and by the 29th Session of the ICAO Assembly in 1992. Planning for successful implementation of CNSIATM systems is necessitated by the large and complex nature of the undertaking and the multidisciplinary roles of the partners involved. Planning takes place mainly at three levels global, regional and national. To progress with the planning, ICAO first determined the requirements for facilities and services to serve the international civil aviation community at the global level in the form of a global plan. The Global Co-ordinated Plan for Transition to the ICAO CNS/ATM Systems was initially developed by the fourth meeting of the Special Committee for the Monitoring and Co-ordination of Development and Transition Planning for the Future Air Navigation System FANS Phase 11 in 1993. The Global Plan has now been revised and published as the Global Air Navigation Plan for CNS/ATM Systems and was presented to the World-wide CNSIATM Systems Implementation Conference Rio de Janeiro, 11-15 May 1998. Regional planning is the principal engine of ICAO planning and implementation work. It is here that the top-down approach comprising global guidance and regional harmonization measures converges with the bottom-up approach constituted by States and aircraft operators. While ICAO addresses planning strategy at the global and regional levels, planning at the national level is the responsibility of each State. However, in response to a request by a number of States for more information concerning the planning and implementation of CNSIATM systems, this guidance material in the form of a Model National CNS/ATM Systems Plan has been developed. This circular is intended to assist States in structuring, formulating, amending and enhancing their individual plans for the transition to CNSIATM systems. At the same time, those States that have completed their respective national CNSIATM systems plans can validate their findings by adopting the approach. This guidance material, in addressing shortcomings of the current systems, identifies functional requirements in the short term suggesting enhancements to current systems as well as in the long term suggesting implementation of the new systems. National planning guidance as contained in this circular, while being useful to States for planning for both domestic and international operations, requires coordination and harmonization with planning in adjacent States so that the implementation of facilities and services can be accomplished in line with the regional plan. While describing the techniques and requirements of various systems configurations that can be implemented at the national level, this guidance material is not intended to indicate preference for any particular system configuration. The choice of a system configuration will depend on a variety of circumstances and requirements, such as type of airspace, density of air traffic and cost-effectiveness. The planning decision will therefore require the study of operational requirements, technical suitability and economic analyses. The guidance material presented in this circular is consistent with, and complementary to, the Global Air Navigation Plan for CNS/ATM Systems Doc 9750. For guidance on the application of CNSIATM systems in relation to meteorology, aeronautical information services, organizational and international
ii Circular 278-AN/164 cooperative aspects, financial aspects, legal issues, training and technical cooperation - which are not specifically addressed in this circular -- the reader is referred to the Global Air Navigation Plan for CNS/ATM Systems. The costhenefit guidance material in this circular is based on the Economics of Satellite-based Air Navigation Services - Guidelines for costhenefit analysis of communications, navigation and surveillance/air trafJic management CNS/ATAI systems Circular 257. Formatted spreadsheets using Wordperfect and Excel software to apply the approach used in this Circular 278 covering technical analysis and costbenefit analysis are available on diskette from the ICAO Secretariat on request. It should be noted that, in order to make the software as user-friendly as possible, several simplifications in assumptions and input of data have been made. The software developed for this Circular is intended to give Stateslproviders and users a quick view of the economic potential of the CNSIATM systems, as well as to allow ready comparisons of different implementation options. Wherever there is a need for a more comprehensive analysis, the software referred to in the foreword to Circular 257 should be applied. That software is also available from the ICAO Secretariat. The guidance material includes a glossary that provides brief explanations of the common technical terms and acronyms. These explanations should be viewed as an aid to the general understanding of the reader and are not necessarily officially endorsed by ICAO. Users are invited to express their views and offer comments and suggestions for improvements or additions based on their practical experience when using this guidance material for national planning for CNSIATM systems. These should be directed to the Secretary General of ICAO.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page .................................................................... Glossary v Chapter1 . Introduction ......................................................... 1 Why develop a national CNSIATM systems plan ................................ 1 How will the planning document for CNSIATM systems benefit the State ............ 1 How is this circular structured .............................................. 2 Highlights of the guidance material ........................................... 2 Approach to national planning ............................................... 3 What are the working levels required to plan for national CNSIATM ................ 4 Coordination with adjacent States ............................................ 6 What are the objectives and how are they to be seen bytheplanninggroup .................................................... 6 ICAO's planning structure for CNS/ATM systems ............................... 7 .......................... Chapter 2 . CNS/ATM systems overview and the global plan 13 Background .............................................................. 13 TheFANSsystemconcept .................................................. 13 ........................................................... Globalplanning 14 ..................................................... Air traffic management 14 Communications .......................................................... 22 ............................................................... Navigation 27 Surveillance ............................................................. 31 ................................................ . Chapter 3 Current infrastructure 36 Airports ................................................................. 36 Airspace ................................................................ 36 Communications .......................................................... 36 ............................................................... Navigation 37 Surveillance ............................................................. 37 .......................................... Chapter 4 . Evaluation of current systems 44 ................................................... Chapter 5 . Air traffic forecasts 47 ICAO'sforecast .......................................................... 47 .............................................. Demand for CNSIATM services 47 ........................ Chapter 6 . Airspace users' needs and functional requirements 51 Airspaceusers'needs ...................................................... 51 ................................. Gap analysis leading to functional requirements 52 iii
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Annex 10. Vol 5. Edition 3. Aeronautical Telecommunications. Aeronautical Radio Frequency Spectrum UtilizationAnnex 11. Edition 15. Air Traffic ServicesAnnex 15. Edition 16. Aeronautical Information ServicesDoc 4444. Edition 16. Procedures For Air Navigation Services. Air Traffic ManagementDoc 7030. Edition 5. Regional Supplementary ProceduresDoc 9574. Edition 3. Manual on a 300 m (1 000 ft) Vertical Separation Minimum Between FL 290 and FL 410 InclusiveDoc 9613. Edition 5. Performance-based Navigation (PBN) ManualDoc 9689. Edition 1. Manual on Airspace Planning Methodology for the Determination of Separation MinimaDoc 9750. Global Air Navigation PlanCircular 2. Airworthiness (Air)Circular 20. Identification of LF/MF Non-Directional Radio Beacons Utilizing Frequency Modulation (F1)Circular 257. Edition 1. Economics of Satellite-based Air Navigation ServicesCircular 276. Accident/Incident Reporting (ADREP): Annual Statistics - 1998ВСЕ ДОКУМЕНТЫALL DOCUMENTSICAO CIRCULASЦИРКУЛЯРЫCircular 278
Table Of Contents
COVER PAGE
FOREWORD
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GLOSSARY
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Appendix