Circular 310. Edition 1
Last modified:1/1/2005
Regional Differences in International Airline Operating Economics, 2002 and 2003
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1-1 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 This circular has been prepared pursuant to ICAO Assembly Resolution A35-18, Appendix G, which requests the Council to instruct the Secretary General to issue periodically a study on regional differences in the level of international air transport operating costs, analysing how differences in operations and input prices may affect their levels and the impact that changes in costs may have on air transport tariffs. This study on Regional Differences in International Airline Operating Economics 2002 and 2003 succeeds one which covered the years 2000 and 2001 and was published in 2005 Circular 306-AT/128 and two previous studies one covering the years 1998 and 1999 published in Circular 293-AT/125 and one covering the years 1992 to 1997 published in Circular 280-AT/117. Prior to that, similar studies were published annually under the title Regional Differences in Fares, Rates and Costs for International Air Transport, which covered the years 1976 to 1992. The studies are now published biennially or every other year, although data have continued to be collected and analysed on an annual basis. The present circular focuses on the years 2002 and 2003. 1.2 For 17 international route groups, comprising all international routes, passenger, freight and mail revenue yield data are presented in Chapter 2 for scheduled services. With reference to the same route groups, regional differences in the costs related to the scheduled service passenger yields are presented in Chapter 3. The major causes of regional differences in costs are identified in Chapter 4. In Chapters 2 and 3, the 2003 results are compared with those for 2001. 1.3 The sources of data used in the study are given in Appendix 1, together with information on the sample sizes on which revenue and cost data are based. The method of analysis used in the study is presented in Appendix 2, together with information on the margins of uncertainty, a factor which should be borne in mind when considering the results of studies of this nature. Facsimiles of the questionnaire and information on responses appear in Appendix 3. 1.4 Unless indicated otherwise, all references to cents in this circular mean U.S. cents and all references to dollars mean U.S. dollars.
2-1 Chapter 2 LEVELS OF UNIT REVENUES Passenger traffic 2.1 Estimates of average unit passenger revenues for scheduled services in 2002 and 2003 by route group are presented in Table 2-1. 2.2 Column 1 of Table 2-1 shows the average weighted revenue per passenger-kilometre for scheduled passenger traffic on each route group for 2002 and 2003. These data are considered representative of all airlines operating on the particular route group and also include estimates for non-reporting airlines. The data are presented without distinction to class of travel or fare type. Thus, they represent the overall weighted average for all individual routes on all route groups and for all fare types. The overall average revenue per passenger-kilometre excluding incidental revenues was estimated at 7.38 cents for 2002 and 7.73 cents for 2003. However, the route group averages vary from a high of 14.2 cents in local Europe to a low of 4.9 cents on routes across the North/Mid-Pacific in 2002 and from a high of 14.5 cents to a low of 5.1 cents on the same route groups in 2003. Due to inadequate representation in reporting, three route groups between and within Central America and the Caribbean, local Middle East and local Africa are not included in this analysis, although their estimates are included in the worldwide totals for both years. 2.3 On a worldwide basis, the estimated average revenue per passenger-kilometre for scheduled services at 7.73 cents in 2003 showed an increase of almost 7 per cent from the level in 2001. Comparable data by route group between 2001 and 2003 are available for 14 individual route groups. Out of these 14 route groups, 10 showed increases, ranging from a growth of some 16 per cent for routes between Europe/Middle East and Africa to some 1 per cent for routes across the North and Mid-Pacific and between North America and Central America/Caribbean. The decreases on the remaining 4 route groups range between some 9 per cent for routes in local South America to less than 3 per cent for routes between Bermuda, Canada, Mexico and the United States Figure 2-1. 2.4 The changes in yields experienced between 2001 and 2003 reflect the weakening of the U.S. dollar against most of the other world currencies, especially the currencies of countries in Europe, Asia/Pacific and Africa. The relative change between 2001 and 2003 would, in many cases, be significantly different if expressed in the national currencies of the airlines concerned. A brief evaluation of this effect is given in Chapter 3 paragraphs 3.11 and 3.12. 2.5 The analyses in paragraphs 2.2 to 2.4 relate only to the average unit revenues for all airlines combined on each route group. There can be wide variations around these averages shown among individual airlines. In the case of passenger services, the variation in yields for each route group for 2002 and 2003 is shown in Tables 2-2 and 2-3, respectively. For a few route groups, the unit revenues for individual airlines do not vary much from the route group average for example, for routes between North America and Central America/Caribbean, within North America and across the South Pacific. However, on most route groups, the unit revenues differ significantly among airlines, reflecting differing route structures and traffic mix among other factors.
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Annex 9. Edition 16. FacilitationAnnex 17. Edition 12. Aviation Security. Safeguarding International Civil Aviation against Acts of Unlawful InterferenceCircular 280. Edition 1. Regional Differences in International Airline Operating Economics: 1997Circular 293. Edition 1. Regional Differences in International Airline Operating Economics: 1998 and 1999Circular 306. Edition 1. Regional Differences in International Airline Operating Economics: 2000 and 2001Circular 316. Edition 1. Regional Differences in International Airline Operating Economics, 2004 and 2005Circular 327. Edition 1. Regional Differences in International Airline Operating Economics: 2006 and 2007ВСЕ ДОКУМЕНТЫALL DOCUMENTSICAO CIRCULASЦИРКУЛЯРЫCircular 310
Table Of Contents
COVER PAGE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
Appendix 3