Circular 218
Economic Implications of Future Noise Restrictions on Subsonic Jet Aircraft
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CIRCULAR ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF FUTURE NOISE RESTRICTIONS ON SUBSONIC JET AIRCRAFT Prepared by the Secretary General and published by decision of the Council INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION MONTREAL CANADA
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Table of Contents Page Glossary of Terms .......................................................................... 1 Chapter 1 . Introduction .................................................................... 3 Chapter 2 . Scope of Study ................................................................. 5 Chapter 3 . Main Findings .................................................................. 7 ........................................................... Chapter 4 . Environmental Impact 11 Chapter 5 . Fleet and Traffic Without New Noise Restrictions ................................... 14 Chapter 6 . Numbers of Aircraft Affected by Hypothetical Future Noise Restrictions .............. 21 Chapter 7 . Economic Impact on Carriers of Hypothetical Future Noise Restrictions ............... 25 Chapter 8 . Impact by Geographical Area on Carriers from Areas where Further Noise Restrictions ....................................................................... are not Anticipated 31 .......................................... Appendix 1 . Detailed Methodology and Assumptions 51 Appendix 2 . States and Territories in the Nonrestricted Areas ................................... 57
Glossary of Terms Non-noise certificated NNC aircraft. A subsonic jet aircraft which has not been certificated to meet the noise level requirements prescribed in ICAO Annex 16, Volume I, Chapter 2 or 3. Chapter 2 aircraft. A subsonic jet aircraft which has been certificated to meet the noise level requirements prescribed in ICAO Annex 16, Volume I, Chapter 2, but does not meet the requirements of ICAO Annex 16, Volume I, Chapter 3 Chapter 2 is equivalent to Stage 2 under United States regulations. Chapter 3 aircraft. A subsonic jet aircraft which has been certificated to meet the noise level requirements prescribed in ICAO Annex 16, Volume I, Chapter 3 Chapter 3 is equivalent to Stage 3 under United States regulations. Non-compliant aircraft. A subsonic jet aircraft which does not meet the noise level requirements prescribed in ICAO Annex 16, Volume I, Chapter 3 this includes all NNC and Chapter 2 aircraft. Hushkitting, re-engining and retrofitting. Hushkitting means modifying aircraft engines with sound absorbing material, changing exhaust mix nozzles, and/or making other mechanical changes to reduce noise emissions. Re- engining means replacement of noisy versions of older engines with new quieter often more fuel efficient versions or with a new type of engine. Retrofitting means modification of the airframe and/or engine which could include either hushkitting or re-engining, or both. Noise-restricted areas. Geographical areas covering States which are assumed for the purpose of this study will implement operating restrictions on aircraft which do not meet the noise level requirements of ICAO Annex 16, Volume I, Chapter 3 - Australia, Japan, New Zealand - the 22 Member States of the European Civil Aviation Conference ECAC - United States. Non-restricted areas. Geographical areas covering States which are assumed for the purpose of this study will not implement operating restrictions on aircraft which do not meet the noise level requirements of ICAO Annex 16, Volume I, Chapter 3. For analytical purposes the States concerned have been divided into eight groups on the basis of their proximity to noise-restricted areas, the traffic patterns of their air carriers in relation to noise-restricted areas, and the subregional divisions used in the ICAO regional air transport studies - Canada - Mexico/Central America/Caribbean - South America - Eastern Europe including USSR - Middle East - Northern Africa - Western/Central/Eastern/Southern Africa - Asia/Pacific less Australia, Japan and New Zealand. The States included in each of the subregions concerned are listed in Appendix 2.
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Circular 218. Corrigendum 1/8/89Annex 9. Edition 16. FacilitationAnnex 16. Vol 3. Edition 1. Environmental Protection. Volume III. Aeroplane CO2 EmissionsCircular 21. Timed Approaches and Utilization of Radar in Spacing of Aircraft on Final Approach (Reduction of Intervals Between Successive Approaches and Landings)Circular 200. The Economic Situation of Air Transport: Review and Outlook - 1986Circular 236. Investment Requirements for Aircraft Fleets and for Airport and Route Facility Infrastructure to the Year 2010Circular 237. Outlook for Air Transport to the Year 2001Circular 252. Outlook for Air Transport to the Year 2003ВСЕ ДОКУМЕНТЫALL DOCUMENTSICAO CIRCULASЦИРКУЛЯРЫ
Table Of Contents
COVER PAGE
Table of Contents
Glossary of Terms
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Appendix 1
Appendix 2