Circular 249. Edition 1
Last modified:1/1/1994
Human Factors Digest No. 11 - Human Factors in CNS/ATM Systems
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CIRCULAR 249-AN/1491994HUMAN FACTORS DIGESTNo. 11HUMAN FACTORS INCNS/ATM SYSTEMSThe development of human-centred automation andadvanced technology in future aviation systemsApproved by the Secretary Generaland published under his authorityI C A OCIRCULARINTERNATIONALCIVIL AVIATIONORGANIZATIONMONTREALCANADA
iTABLE OF CONTENTSPage Glossary..................................................................iiIntroduction.................................................................1Historical background...................................................1Development of guidance material.........................................2Chapter 1. The ICAO CNS/ATM Concept.........................................4The CNS/ATM concept..................................................4The ICAO flight safety and Human Factors programme........................6Chapter 2. Automation in Future Aviation Systems..................................10The role of the human operator in highly automated systems....................10CNS/ATM system automation.............................................12Issues and concerns in CNS/ATM systems automation........................14Chapter 3. Human-centred Technology...........................................18A concept of human-centred automation....................................18Chapter 4. Principles of Human-centred Automation.................................21Chapter 5. Qualities of Human-centred Automation.................................26Appendix 1. Statement of ICAO Policy on CNS/ATM Systems Implementation and Operation............................................................33Appendix 2. List of Recommended Reading.......................................36
iiGLOSSARYAERAAutomatic En-route Air TrafficControlAMSSAeronautical Mobile Satellite ServiceANCAir Navigation Commission ICAOADSAutomatic Dependence SurveillanceASMAir Space ManagementATCAir Traffic ControlATFMAir Traffic Flow ManagementATMAir Traffic ManagementATN Aeronautical TelecommunicationNetworkATSAir Traffic ServicesCNSCommunication, Navigation andSurveillanceCRMCockpit Resource ManagementFANSFuture Air Navigation SystemsGIBGNSS Integrity BroadcastGNSSGlobal Navigation Satellite SystemICAOInternational Civil Aviation OrganizationIFRInstrument Flight RulesILSInstrument Landing SystemIMCInstrument Meteorological ConditionsISOInternational Organization forStandardizationLOFTLine Oriented Flight TrainingMLSMicrowave Landing SystemNTSBNational Transport Safety BoardUnited StatesOSIOpen Systems InterconnectionRAIMReceiver Autonomous IntegrityMonitoringRNPRequired Navigation PerformanceSARPsStandards and RecommendedPractices and ProceduresSSRSecondary Surveillance RadarTCASTraffic Collision Alerting SystemVHFVery High FrequencyVMCVisual Meteorological Conditions
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Doc 9082. Edition 10. ICAO’s Policies on Charges for Airports and Air Navigation ServicesCircular 216. Human Factors Digest No. 1 - Fundamental Human Factors ConceptsCircular 217. Human Factors Digest No. 2 - Flight Crew Training: Cockpit Resource Management (CRM) and Line-Oriented Flight Training (LOFT)Circular 227. Human Factors Digest No. 3 - Training of Operational Personnel in Human FactorsCircular 229. Human Factors Digest No. 4 - Proceedings of the ICAO Human Factors SeminarCircular 234. Edition 1. Human Factors Digest No. 5 - Operational Implications of Automation in Advanced Technology Flight DecksCircular 238. Human Factors Digest No. 6 - ErgonomicsCircular 240. Edition 1. Human Factors Digest No. 7 - Investigation of Human Factors in Accidents and IncidentsCircular 241. Edition 1. Human Factors Digest No. 8 - Human Factors in Air Traffic ControlCircular 243. Human Factors Digest No. 9 - Proceedings of the Second ICAO Flight Safety and Human Factors Global Symposium (Washington D.C., April 1993)Circular 247. Edition 1. Human Factors Digest No. 10 - Human Factors, Management and OrganizationAnnex 3. Edition 13. Meteorological Service for International Air NavigationAnnex 10. Vol 4. Edition 2. Aeronautical Telecommunications. SURVEILLANCE RADAR AND COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEMS.Annex 10. Vol 4. Edition 3. Aeronautical Telecommunications. Surveillance Radar and Collision Avoidance SystemsAnnex 10. Vol 4. Edition 4. Aeronautical Telecommunications. Surveillance and Collision Avoidance Systems.Annex 10. Vol 4. Edition 5. Aeronautical Telecommunications. Surveillance and Collision Avoidance SystemsAnnex 10. Vol 4. Edition 5. Aeronautical Telecommunications. Surveillance and Collision Avoidance Systems.Annex 10. Vol 4. Edition 5. Aeronautical Telecommunications. Surveillance and Collision Avoidance SystemsAnnex 10. Vol 1. Edition 6. Aeronautical Telecommunications. Radio Navigation Aids.Annex 10. Vol 1. Edition 7. Aeronautical Telecommunications Radio Navigation AidsAnnex 10. Vol 1. Edition 7. Aeronautical Telecommunications. Radio Navigation Aids.Annex 10. Vol 1. Edition 7. Aeronautical Telecommunications. Volume I. Radio Navigation AidsAnnex 10. Vol 1. Edition 8. Aeronautical Telecommunications. Volume I. Radio Navigation AidsDoc 4444. Edition 16. Procedures For Air Navigation Services. Air Traffic ManagementDoc 4444. Edition 16. Procedures For Air Navigation Services. Air Traffic ManagementDoc 4444. Edition 16. Procedures For Air Navigation Services. Air Traffic ManagementDoc 4444. Edition 16. Air Traffic Management.Doc 4444. Edition 15. Air Traffic ManagementDoc 9842. Programme Budget of the Organization 2005-2006-2007Circular 253. Edition 1. Human Factors Digest No. 12 - Human Factors in Aircraft Maintenance and InspectionВСЕ ДОКУМЕНТЫALL DOCUMENTSICAO CIRCULASЦИРКУЛЯРЫCircular 249
Table Of Contents
COVER PAGE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GLOSSARY
INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Appendix 1
Appendix 2